1/21/2024 0 Comments Gram negative rod bacteria![]() ![]() The term “Gram” refers to a specimen staining method developed by Hans Christian Gram in 1884. One method that scientists use to classify bacteria is Gram staining, which is the most commonly performed laboratory procedure in microbiology. Today, nearly 80% of the antibiotics are sourced from the genus Streptomyces such as penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, linezolid, tetracycline, etc.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are two different types of bacteria. Streptomyces produces bioactive secondary metabolites such as antifungals, antivirals, and antibiotics. Streptomyces is a Gram-positive bacteria whose shape resembles filamentous fungi. Lactobacilli are beneficial bacteria mainly used to manufacture fermented dairy, sourdough, meat, and vegetable foods and as probiotics. In the female genital tract, they are the main source of lactic acid that helps to prevent the growth of many potential pathogens. They are an essential microbiota of the mouth, colon, and female genital tract. Lactobacilli are gram-positive, non-sporing rods. Clostridium perfringens Gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis) Clostridioides difficile Diarrhea and colitis Clostridium tetani Tetanus Clostridium botulinum Botulism Bacillus cereus Foodborne diseases Bacillus anthracis Anthrax Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Erysipeloid Nocardia asteroides Nocardiosis Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes Acne Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis Mycobacterium leprae Leprosy Non-pathogenic Gram-positive rods Lactobacillus Some of the diseases caused by gram-positive bacilli are as follows: Etiological agents Disease (s) Actinomyces israelii Actinomycosis Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria Listeria monocytogenes Listeriosis, neonatal meningitis, sepsis, etc. Nocardia asteroides can cause pneumonia, lung abscess with cavity formation, lung nodules, or empyema in immunocompromised individuals. Bacillus cereus spores can survive boiling during rice preparation and may germinate when rice is held at room temperature. ![]() Domestic animals, soil, and rice grains are the main reservoirs of this organism. Bacillus cereus is an aerobic, spore-forming, Gram-positive bacillus. There are two medically important Bacillus species Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus. Gram-positive bacilli are responsible for “classical” diseases such as anthrax, diphtheria, listeriosis, and newer syndromes, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Actinomyces appear as irregular, branching gram-positive rods, Corynebacteria appear as club-shaped, Clostridium tetani appear as drum-stick appearances, and Nocardia appears as branching filaments. Some Gram-positive rods have a unique shape based on spores’ position, branches’ presence, etc. Gaseous (oxygen requirements): Bacillus species are obligate aerobes, whereas Clostridium species are obligate anaerobes.Endospore-forming ability: Bacillus and Clostridia are spore-forming rods, while Listeria, Gardnerella, and Corynebacterium are not.There are five medically important genera of gram-positive bacilli: Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Listeria, and Gardnerella. Gram-positive bacilli are a diverse group of bacteria that can further be classified into various subgroups based on their characteristics. Streptomyces Classification of Gram-positive rods. ![]()
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